During other periods, pests andor parasitoids could be maintained on intercrops. We use laboratory microcosms to assess the prevalence and consequences of mutual interference behaviour in a bethylid wasp, goniozus nephantidis muesebeck hymenoptera. Parasitoids in the bethylid genus goniozus are sub. Microsatellite markers are especially useful codominant markers that have been used in a wide range of studies to elucidate the population structure and dynamics of a range of organisms, including agriculturally beneficial insects. Evaluation of goniozus nephantidis muesebeck a larval parasitoid in the field against coconut black headed caterpillar opisina arenosella walker in karnataka. Goniozus nephantidis contest outcomes also appear to be influenced by rv asymmetries associated with contestant age and host size. Females of the parasitoid wasp goniozus nephantidis paralyse host caterpillars and lay a clutch of up to 18 eggs onto the. Molecular genetic markers reveal differences between genotypes according to the presence of alleles the same or different at target loci. Relative toxicity, goniozus nephantidis, insecticides, etc introduction the coconut palm, cocos nucifera l. Two larval parasitoid wasps, goniozus nephantidis muesebeck bethylidae and bracon brevicornis wesmael braconidae, which parasitize third to seventh instar larvae of o. Studies were conducted on the biology of the recently described goniozus sensorius gordh hymenoptera. Pathogenicity of fusarium semitectum against crop pests and its biosafety to nontarget organisms. Biology of goniozus nephantidis egg female goniozus nephantidis lay eggs on the body of blackheaded caterpillar. Two larval parasitoid wasps goniozus nephantidis muesebeck bethylidae and bracon.
For full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription. Hardy, volatile chemical release by bethylid wasps. Direct and indirect influences of intercrops on the. Goniozus nephantidis cultures were maintained using the rice moth, corcyra cephalonica stainton lepidoptera. Production of goniozus severely hampered at 350c 46. Direct and indirect influences of intercrops on the coconut defoliator opisina arenosella. This leads to the prediction that brood sex ratios should be highly femalebiased and have low variance. Bethylidae, which is known to brood guard and to engage in agonistic contests for individual hosts and which is also an agent of biological pest control. Population dynamics of the coconut caterpillar, opisina arenosella walker lepidoptera. When infestation is very severe and if the biocontrol is not likely to be effective, sprays the undersurface of the fronds with dichlorvos 0.
Goniozus legneri shows weak, and thus only partial, respect for role asymmetries. We used the parasitoid wasp goniozus nephantidis to investigate the effect of offspring developmental stage on. Direct and indirect influences of intercrops on the coconut. Pdf biological suppression of coconut black headed.
Using ownerintruder contests and ownerowner contests between females of the parasitoid wasp goniozus nephantidis, we. Pdf biological control of opisina arenosella walker lep. Bethylidae, a gregarious ectoparasitoid of diaphania indica saunders lepidoptera. Females of the bethylid wasp goniozus nephantidis fight for possession of paralysed hosts. Crytophasidae is an endemic, frequently outbreaking pest of coconut in india and sri lanka. Download pdf introduction in members of the hymenoptera that reproduce sexually, unfertilized eggs develop as haploid males, and fertilized eggs develop as diploids that are typically females. Development of microsatellite markers and detection of genetic variation between goniozus. Bethylidae, and 24 for its new world congener, goniozus legneri gordh, parasitoids of the larvae of the lepidopteran coconut pest opisina arenosella walker lepidoptera. No study has so far been undertaken on this hyperparasite. The doublesex gene integrates multilocus complementary sex. As a serious defoliator of the coconut trees in india, srilanka, bangladesh and myanmar, the blackheaded caterpillar pest of coconut, opisina arenosella walker nephantis serinopa meyrick, has attracted the attention of agricultural scientists right from the beginning of the present century. Pdf competitive interactions between goniozus nephantidis.
Download pdf 17 mb abstract this thesis presents a series of experiments on the evolutionary ecology of the reproduction, behaviour, chemical and molecular characteristics of bethylid wasps in the genus goniozus. Two larval parasitoid wasps goniozus nephantidis muesebeck bethylidae and bracon brevicornis wesmael braconidae, are widely employed, either singly or in combination. Pdf economics of production of goniozus nephantidis. Pest report of coconut black headed caterpillar in thailand. Bethylidae is a gregarious parasitoid of lepidopteran larvae. Goniozus nephantidis is the most widely used parasitoid of opisina arenosella. The most often cited parasitoids belong to the genera goniozus hym bethylidae. Brood sex ratio variance, developmental mortality and virginity in a. Oecophoridae infested leaves of coconut palms article pdf. Empirical tests of sex determination in goniozus nephantidis hymenoptera. Abstract kinship among interacting individuals is often associated with sociality and also with sex ratio effects. Parasitization potential of goniozus nephantidis muesebeck. Pdf volatile organic compounds in healthy and opisina.
Pdf goniozus nephantidis muesebeck is an important parasitoid of opisina arenosella walker in coconut. In 2007, outbreak of coconut black headed caterpillar opisina arenosella walker was occurred in prachuap khiri khan province upper southern part of thailand which is major. Cytogenetics of microbeassociated parthenogenesis and its. When tested for its safety and effectiveness in controlling opisina arenosella walker, it is found that they are safe to use in thailand. Materials and methods pupae of pediobius imbreus collected from the field along with bracon brevicornis cocoons served as nucleus cultures for laboratory. Biological control is a method of controlling pest such as insects,mites, diseases using other organisms.
Goniozus nephantidis muesebeck, one of the dominant and effective parasitoids of o. Contest outcomes are influenced by asymmetries in resource value and body size and are generally common sense. Abiotic and biotic factors influence diapause induction in sexual and asexual strains of trichogramma brassicae hym. It is considered a pest to these countries, as they infest coconut palm trees, causing considerable damage to the trees, and reducing the plants yield significantly. Biological control is a method of controlling pest such.
Pdf biological control of opisina arenosella walker. Perera, coconut research institute, lunuwila, sri lanka m. Pdf direct and indirect influences of intercrops on the. Direct and indirect influences of intercrops on the coconut defoliator. Biological suppression of coconut black headed caterpillar. Pdf field evaluation of goniozus nephantidis muesebeck.
Such an urge operates at all levels of social organization. Regional training workshop on mass production of beneficial insects and nematodes 15 19 may 2017. Goniozus nephantidis were reared on larvae of corcyra cephalonica stainton lepidoptera. Larval parasitoid goniozus nephantidis was mass multiplied in the laboratory for conducting the experiments. Goniozus nephantidis appears to be monophagous within the agroecosystem despite having a number of factitious laboratory hosts, see above and elasmus nephantidis, which is recommended for field release against o. Arrange for the release of larval pupal parasitoids, goniozus nephantidis, elasmus nephantidis brown species and brachymeria nosatoi.
The host larvae are parasitized and the parasitoid even feeds on host body fluid. Chemical tagging with deuterium further shows that the volatile is released by the loser of an agonistic interaction and not the winner. Development of microsatellite markers and detection of. Prospects for the biological control of the groundnut leaf. Pdf many entomophagus insects attack the blackheaded caterpillar of coconut, opisina arenosella walker during its developmental stages. Coconut palm cocos nucifera infestation by opisina arenosella lepidoptera. Microsatellite markers are especially useful codominant markers that have been used in a wide range of studies to elucidate the population structure and dynamics of a range of organisms, including agriculturally beneficial insects such as parasitic wasps.
Annealing gradient tests 5065c were conducted to study the quality of the pcr amplification across an annealing temperature gradient using a mixed genotype dna template from each. Godfray department of pure and applied biology, imperial college at silwood park, ascot, berkshire, sl5 7py, uk abstract. We use cookies to offer you a better experience, personalize content, tailor advertising, provide social media features, and better understand the use of our services. Apanteles taragamae wilkinson and goniozus nephantidis mues. Competitive interactions between goniozus nephantidis and bracon. Encountering competitors reduces clutch size and increases. It was found that the optimum temperature for maximum progeny production was 300c 116. Multifoundress groups were either all siblings or all nonsiblings. Competitive interactions between goniozus nephantidis and bracon brevicornis, parasitoids of the coconut pest opisina arenosella. Nov 08, 2015 media in category goniozus the following 2 files are in this category, out of 2 total. An outbreak of blackheaded caterpillar was observed. Aspergillus flavus, fusarium semitectum, colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and c. Part one investigates host quality by varying host age after paralysis.
A single attack of parasitoid on the host irrespective of the number of egg laid. A new species of bethylid parasitoid wasp, goniozus omanensis polaszek sp. Eggs are laid after temporarily paralyzing the host. Krombein introduction the bethylidae are primitive, relatively small usually 110 mm long wasps that primarily parasitize lepidopterous or coleopterous larvae. Laboratory experiment entitled parasitization potential of goniozus nephantidis muesebeck on corcyra cephalonica stainton reared on different rearing media under laboratory condition was under taken. Regional training workshop on mass production of beneficial. Competitive interactions between goniozus nephantidis and. Mutual interference reduces offspring production in a. The moth is straw to ash gray in color, mediumsized with uniform faded whitish top wings. The rice moth is one of the alternate hosts for mass production of egg and larval parasitoids of the hymenopteran families including bethylidae, braconidae, platygastridae, and trichogrammatidae parra 1997, nathan et al. The mycopathogen had no influence on the composting ability and growth of e. Biological suppression of coconut black headed caterpillar opisina arenosella outbreak in east godavari district of andhra pradesheco friendly.
The coconut black headed caterpillar opisina arenosella, is a species of moth found in multiple regions throughout east asian countries including bangladesh, india, sri lanka, mayanmar, as well as indonesia. Pathogenicity of fusarium semitectum against crop pests. The doublesex gene integrates multilocus complementary sex determination signals in. Biology and biological control potential of bethylid wasps. Eggs are laid onto the host approximately 24 hours later, with clutch size ranging up to 18 eggs and positively correlated with host size approx. It is entirely consistent with these life history characteristics that owners should value larger hosts more than smaller hosts and compete more strongly to retain them.
Larvae of 20 lepidopteran species found on intercrops were screened for use by goniozus nephantidis hymenoptera. Development of microsatellite markers and detection of genetic variation between goniozus wasp populations, journal of insect science, volume 14, issue 1, 2014, 43. It is a sturdy gregarious larval or prepupal ectoparasitoid. Bethylinae and epyrinae cephalonomiini and sclerodermini hymenoptera. The quality of paralyzed hosts declines with time since paralysis negatively influences lifehistory characteristics of goniozus nephantidis.
Singlelocus complementary sex determination absent in. On encountering a host, the female stings and paralyses it. Goniozus nephantidis on larvae of coconut black headed caterpillar bhc super parasitism. In the present study, twelve primer pairs were designed for the south asian, goniozus nephantidis muesebeck hymenoptera. Abiotic and biotic factors influence diapause induction in. Oecophoridae in the indian subcontinent may occur in november to may each year in the same or adjoining areas of plantations. Our chief expectations included that that competition for resources would be more intense among larger foundress groups but diminished by both larger host size and closer. The female practices maternal care of eggs and larvae. Development of an optimum diet for mass rearing of the rice. This paper provides a more complete appraisal of the sizefitness relationship in the bethylid waspgoniozus nephantidisby investigating the influences of female size and ownershipstatus on the outcome of ownerintruder contests for paralysed hosts. Females of the parasitoid wasp goniozus nephantidis paralyse host caterpillars and lay a clutch of up to 18 eggs onto the host integument. This rules out most familiar sexdetermining mechanisms, which rely on dosage differences at sex. In the present paper some aspects of the biology of p. Introduction to the thesis the desire to arrange, organize, describe, name and classify is fundamental in human activity.
Pdf a novel method of field release of goniozus nephantidis. Biological control of the coconut caterpillar opisina. Realtime mass spectrometry shows that the spiroacetal is released by goniozus nephantidis females. The majority of species deposit several eggs on a host, but in a few genera, e. Population dynamics of the coconut caterpillar, opisina. The data of the survey of bhc at three locations is presented in table 1.
The haploid males and diploid females of hymenoptera have all chromosomes in the same proportions. This method, however, has also been criticized due to the effect on. It will also feed on the exoparasitoids bracon brevicornis and goniozus nephantidis it has been recorded in this role from kerala. Blackheaded caterpillar, opisina arenosella walker lepidoptera. Many individual of same species of parasitoid attack a single host at a time. The host and parasitoid strains were the same as used in the study by goubault et al. Thailand imported goniozus nephantidis from sri lanka. Even in ancient civilizations, names were assigned to organisms. Realtime mass spectrometry shows that the spiroacetal is released by goniozus nephantidis females during dyadic resource contests, with release more common during more aggressive interactions. Brood sex ratio variance, developmental mortality and. Population dynamics of the coconut caterpillar 43 been suggested that these fronds should be cut down and burnt hutson, 1922. Download fulltext pdf download fulltext pdf volatile organic compounds in healthy and opisina arenosella walker lepidoptera. Village cropping system parasitoids releases bracon hebetor goniozus nephantidis samanthakurru fish pond bunds 30 july 2015 392,000 200,800 thurpulanka fish pond bunds and sole gardens 10 october.
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